Batalla de arausio1/12/2024 Eventually the province became known as Gallia Narbonensis and another road ( Via Aurelia) linked it with Italy along the coast. In 118 BC they founded Narbo Martius, a Roman colony along Via Domitia, a military road from Italy to Spain which crossed the Alps. In a series of military expeditions in the 120s, they subjugated some of the local tribes and, with the acceptance of other tribes and the support of Marseille, a Greek town and a longtime ally of Rome, they were able to gain control of the coastal region of Southern France which was called Gallia Transalpina or Ulterior to distinguish it from Gallia Cisalpina or Citerior, i.e. Narbonne: a section of Via Domitia in the centre of the townĪt the end of the Third Punic War in 149 BC the Romans ruled most of the Iberian peninsula, but they had not conquered the territories along the Mediterranean Sea between Italy and Spain. Thomas Graham Jackson - Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture - 1913 The amphitheatres at Nimes and Arles, the great theatreĪt Orange, and the stupendous aqueduct of the Pont du Of Roman architecture, and Italy itself cannot showĪnything superior to the temples at Nimes and Vienne, Provence is still full of splendid remains (.) The native language had given place to that of Italy,Īnd the Latin of Bordeaux was said to have been the Roman vigorous growth than in Gaul, especially in the south. In no province of the Roman Empire was LatinĬulture more firmly rooted, and in none did it show more Museum of Fine Arts of Berlin: Hubert Robert: The Ruins of Nîmes, Orange and Glanum - 1789 Pliny was the governor of Gallia Narbonensis in 70 AD. Pliny the Elder - Historia Naturalis - Translation by John Bostock and Henry Thomas Riley. In the cultivation of the soil, the manners and civilization of the inhabitants, and the extent of its wealth, it is surpassed by none of the provinces, and, in short, might be more truthfully described as a part of Italy than as a province. From the remainder of Gaul, on the north, it is separated by the mountains Cebenna and Jura. (.) It is divided from Italy by the river Varus, and by the range of the Alps, the great safeguards of the Roman Empire. That part of the Gallias which is washed by the inland (Mediterranean ) sea is called the province of Gallia Narbonensis. Map of "Gallia Narbonensis", a Roman province, from "The Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography by Samuel Butler - 1907": the blue dots indicate the main locations covered in this section: Lugdunum (Lyon), Vienna (Vienne), Vasio (Vaison-la-Romaine), Arausio (Orange), Avenio (Avignon), Nemausus (Nîmes), Arelate (Arles), Massilia (Marseille), Narbo (Narbonne), Tolosa (Toulouse) and Lugdunum Convenarum (Saint-Bertrand-des-Comminges) the red dots indicate towns which are covered in another section during the Middle Ages the territory of "Gallia Narbonensis" became known as "Languedoc", the region west of the River Rhone, and "Provence", that to the east of the river When the Teuton matrons heard of this stipulation they first begged the consul that they might be set apart to minister in the temples of Ceres and Venus and then when they failed to obtain their request and were removed by the lictors, they slew their little children and next morning were all found dead in each other's arms having strangled themselves in the night.(relief at Glanum and quotation from Pliny: "It is More Similar to Italy than to a Province") Roman historians recorded that 300 of the captured women committed mass suicide, which passed into Roman legends of Germanic heroism (cf Jerome, letter cxxiii.8, 409 AD ):īy the conditions of the surrender three hundred of their married women were to be handed over to the Romans. Plutarch mentions ( Marius 10, 5-6) that during the battle, the Ambrones began to shout "Ambrones!" as their battle-cry the Ligurian troops fighting for the Romans, on hearing this cry, found that it was identical to an ancient name in their country which the Ligurians often used when speaking of their descent ( "οὕτως κατὰ ὀνομάζουσι Λίγυες"), so they returned the shout, "Ambrones!". The Roman accounts claim that in the ensuing massacre 90,000 Teutones were slain and 20,000 including their King Teutobod, were captured. At the battle's height this force launched an ambush, attacking the Teutones from behind, and throwing them into confusion and rout. This force was commanded by Marius's second-in-command, Claudius Marcelus. Meanwhile, Marius had hidden a small Roman force of 4,000 nearby. They were soon followed by the rest of the Teutones' force. The leading elements, the Ambrones, took the bait and attacked. Marius took up a strong position on a carefully selected hill and enticed the Teutones to attack him there using his cavalry and light infantry skirmishers (most of whom were allied Ligurians).
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